{"id":6878,"date":"2023-03-27T21:43:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T18:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterbase.com\/es\/es\/es\/es\/es\/?p=6878"},"modified":"2023-12-24T20:50:52","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T18:50:52","slug":"co-je-vishing-definicia-metody-a-osvedcene-postupy-prevencie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterbase.com\/sk\/que-es-el-vishing-definicion-metodos-y-mejores-practicas-de-prevencion\/masterbase\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je to Vishing? Defin\u00edcia, met\u00f3dy a najlep\u0161ie postupy prevencie"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010co je to Vishing?<\/h2>\n

Vishing je definovan\u00fd ako kybernetick\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fd \u00fatok, pri ktorom \u0161kodliv\u00fd subjekt telefonicky kontaktuje obe\u0165 a pok\u00fa\u0161a sa z\u00edska\u0165 jej d\u00f4veru prostredn\u00edctvom met\u00f3d soci\u00e1lneho in\u017einierstva s cie\u013eom z\u00edska\u0165 d\u00f4vern\u00e9 \u00fadaje, z\u00edska\u0165 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky alebo inak po\u0161kodi\u0165 jednotlivca.<\/p>\n

Ide v podstate o typ phishingov\u00e9ho \u00fatoku vykon\u00e1van\u00e9ho prostredn\u00edctvom hlasov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed, preto sa naz\u00fdva vishingov\u00fd \u00fatok.<\/p>\n

Mechanizmus \u00fatoku Vishing<\/h2>\n

Vishing m\u00e1 zvy\u010dajne podobu naliehav\u00e9ho alebo znepokojuj\u00faceho telefon\u00e1tu. Volaj\u00faci m\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee \u00fa\u010det obete bol napadnut\u00fd hackermi a \u017ee potrebuje \u010d\u00edslo PIN na overenie toto\u017enosti alebo op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 otvorenie \u00fa\u010dtu.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee volaj\u00fa v mene vl\u00e1dneho org\u00e1nu, napr\u00edklad da\u0148ov\u00e9ho \u00faradu (IRS) alebo spr\u00e1vy soci\u00e1lneho zabezpe\u010denia. M\u00f4\u017eu dokonca trva\u0165 na tom, \u017ee obe\u0165 dlhuje peniaze alebo vyhrala s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e.<\/p>\n

Vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch ide o \"vishing\" (ako u\u017e bolo spomenut\u00e9, ide o fr\u00e1zu, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja \"hlas\" a \"phishing\" a ozna\u010duje telefonick\u00fd podvod). Phishing je term\u00edn pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na ozna\u010denie akejko\u013evek snahy kyberzlo\u010dincov vyl\u00e1ka\u0165 od \u013eud\u00ed peniaze, osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje alebo tajn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. Podobne sa na p\u00e1chanie podvodov m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj e-maily a syst\u00e9my kr\u00e1tkych spr\u00e1v alebo textov\u00fdch spr\u00e1v (\"smishing\").<\/p>\n

Vishing je po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 kriminalita, pri ktorej p\u00e1chatelia vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa telef\u00f3ny obet\u00ed na z\u00edskanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 by mohli po\u0161kodi\u0165 dan\u00fa osobu alebo prinies\u0165 p\u00e1chate\u013eovi nejak\u00fd prospech.<\/p>\n

Kybernetick\u00ed podvodn\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sofistikovan\u00e9 techniky soci\u00e1lneho in\u017einierstva, aby presved\u010dili obete, aby im poskytli osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje a dokonca pr\u00edstup k bankov\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dtom alebo obchodn\u00fdm tajomstv\u00e1m. Podobne ako smishing a phishing, aj vishing sa zameriava na presved\u010denie obet\u00ed, \u017ee vyhovie\u0165 po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m volaj\u00faceho je spr\u00e1vna reakcia. Volaj\u00faci sa \u010dasto vyd\u00e1vaj\u00fa za \u0161t\u00e1tne org\u00e1ny, da\u0148ov\u00fd \u00farad, finan\u010dn\u00fa in\u0161tit\u00faciu obete alebo pol\u00edciu.<\/p>\n

\u00daspech tejto taktiky z\u00e1vis\u00ed od \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho soci\u00e1lneho in\u017einierstva, t. j. vyu\u017eitia psychol\u00f3gie \u010dloveka na vytvorenie presved\u010div\u00e9ho efektu. P\u00e1chatelia vishingu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa hrozby alebo pozit\u00edvne presvied\u010danie, aby u obet\u00ed vyvolali pocit, \u017ee musia poskytn\u00fa\u0165 po\u017eadovan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. Obete m\u00f4\u017eu dosta\u0165 aj v\u00fdhra\u017en\u00e9 hlasov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, v ktor\u00fdch im hovoria, \u017ee ak spr\u00e1vne nezavolaj\u00fa sp\u00e4\u0165, hroz\u00ed im trestn\u00e9 st\u00edhanie alebo zmrazenie bankov\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtov.<\/p>\n

Ako funguje vishing?<\/h2>\n

Phishingov\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa podvrhnutie identifik\u00e1tora volaj\u00faceho, aby obete presved\u010dili, \u017ee telefon\u00e1t prich\u00e1dza z d\u00f4veryhodnej firmy alebo z miestnej telef\u00f3nnej stanice.<\/p>\n

\u010casto vystupuj\u00fa ako d\u00f4veryhodn\u00e9 subjekty, aby obete oklamali a prin\u00fatili ich zdie\u013ea\u0165 svoje \u00fadaje. M\u00f4\u017eu sa napr\u00edklad vyd\u00e1va\u0165 za ved\u00faceho pracovn\u00edka banky alebo agent\u00fary vyd\u00e1vaj\u00facej kreditn\u00e9 karty, verite\u013ea alebo z\u00e1stupcu da\u0148ov\u00e9ho \u00faradu. T\u00edto podvodn\u00edci vytvoria pocit naliehavosti, ke\u010f zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00e1 obe\u0165 zdvihne telef\u00f3n, aby sa pri\u017eivili na jej pocitoch a prin\u00fatili ju reagova\u0165 na po\u017eiadavky.<\/p>\n

Vishing m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 r\u00f4zne podoby, ale cie\u013e je v\u017edy rovnak\u00fd: vyl\u00e1ka\u0165 od obete osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, a to bu\u010f za \u00fa\u010delom z\u00edskania pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e9ho zisku, alebo sp\u00e1chania in\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov, napr\u00edklad kr\u00e1de\u017ee identity.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00fdm z d\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 tieto \u00fatoky presved\u010div\u00e9, je, \u017ee podvodn\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017ei\u0165 osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje z\u00edskan\u00e9 z in\u00fdch zdrojov, aby pokusy o vishing vyzerali legit\u00edmne.<\/p>\n

Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie typy vishingu<\/h2>\n

1. Vyt\u00e1\u010danie<\/strong><\/p>\n

2. \u00datoky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na VoIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

3. Podvrhnutie ID volaj\u00faceho<\/strong><\/p>\n

4. Odstra\u0148ovanie odpadu v kontajneroch<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Vyt\u00e1\u010danie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na automatick\u00e9 vyt\u00e1\u010danie ve\u013ek\u00e9ho po\u010dtu telef\u00f3nnych \u010d\u00edsel v r\u00fdchlom slede za sebou sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, zvy\u010dajne s cie\u013eom odhali\u0165 nedostatky v zabezpe\u010den\u00ed a IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fare.<\/p>\n

Hackeri \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa n\u00e1stroje na vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie nezabezpe\u010den\u00fdch modemov, niekedy zn\u00e1me ako \"wardialers\" alebo \"demon dialers\". Zaberie to ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo \u010dasu<\/p>\n

ak podvodn\u00edk n\u00e1jde zoznam \u010d\u00edsel, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pripojen\u00e9 k modemom.<\/p>\n

2. \u00datoky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na VoIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prenos hlasov\u00e9ho a multimedi\u00e1lneho obsahu prostredn\u00edctvom internetov\u00e9ho pripojenia je zn\u00e1my ako prenos hlasu cez internetov\u00fd protokol (VoIP). Pou\u017e\u00edvatelia m\u00f4\u017eu uskuto\u010d\u0148ova\u0165 hlasov\u00e9 hovory pomocou VoIP prostredn\u00edctvom svojich po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov, smartf\u00f3nov, in\u00fdch digit\u00e1lnych platforiem, ako s\u00fa telef\u00f3ny VoIP a webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky s podporou komunik\u00e1cie v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase (WebRTC).<\/p>\n

VoIP je v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia pre jednotlivcov aj podniky, preto\u017ee \u010dasto obsahuje \u010fal\u0161ie mo\u017enosti, ktor\u00e9 sa v tradi\u010dn\u00fdch telef\u00f3nnych syst\u00e9moch nevyskytuj\u00fa. Je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 aj pre podniky ako prostriedok na zjednotenie komunik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Nane\u0161\u0165astie, VoIP m\u00f4\u017eu zneu\u017ei\u0165 podvodn\u00edci na iniciovanie vishingov\u00fdch \u00fatokov. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edk si zaregistruje dom\u00e9nu a vytvor\u00ed phishingov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, ktor\u00e9 sa podobaj\u00fa na prihlasovaciu str\u00e1nku siete organiz\u00e1cie. V\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee hovory VoIP iniciovan\u00e9 akt\u00e9rom hrozby vyzeraj\u00fa, \u017ee poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z tej istej siete. Okrem toho, ke\u010f\u017ee VoIP \u010dasto vy\u017eaduje viacfaktorov\u00fa autentifik\u00e1ciu, m\u00f4\u017ee volaj\u00faci po\u017eiada\u0165 obe\u0165, aby nav\u0161t\u00edvila podvodn\u00fa str\u00e1nku a poskytla svoje \u00fadaje.<\/p>\n

3. Podvrhnutie ID volaj\u00faceho<\/strong><\/p>\n

K spoofingu doch\u00e1dza vtedy, ke\u010f volaj\u00faci z\u00e1merne sfal\u0161uje inform\u00e1cie odoslan\u00e9 na obrazovku prich\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho hovoru, aby skryl svoju identitu. Podvodn\u00edci \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa techniku \"spoofing neighbour\", aby sa ID volaj\u00faceho zdalo, \u017ee prich\u00e1dza z miestneho \u010d\u00edsla, alebo aby sa vyd\u00e1vali za spolo\u010dnos\u0165 alebo \u0161t\u00e1tnu in\u0161tit\u00faciu, ktorej obe\u0165 u\u017e d\u00f4veruje.<\/p>\n

Ak je tak\u00fdto hovor prijat\u00fd, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk sa pok\u00fasi ukradn\u00fa\u0165 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky alebo d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na podvodn\u00e9 aktivity. Podvodn\u00e9 scen\u00e1re s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u00fatokov na fal\u0161ovanie identifik\u00e1tora volaj\u00faceho, preto\u017ee e\u0161te viac posil\u0148uj\u00fa presved\u010denie, \u017ee volaj\u00faci je legit\u00edmny.<\/p>\n

4. Odstra\u0148ovanie odpadu v kontajneroch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prehrab\u00e1vanie odpadkov\u00fdch ko\u0161ov - fyzick\u00fdch aj digit\u00e1lnych - patriacich bank\u00e1m, firemn\u00fdm budov\u00e1m a in\u00fdm in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1m je jednoduch\u00fdm a ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom zhroma\u017e\u010fovania kontaktn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed obet\u00ed vishingu.<\/p>\n

Zlo\u010dinci m\u00f4\u017eu zo skartovan\u00fdch dokumentov, vyraden\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, star\u00fdch kalend\u00e1rov, fotok\u00f3pi\u00ed at\u010f. z\u00edska\u0165 dostatok inform\u00e1ci\u00ed na uskuto\u010dnenie \u00fatoku zameran\u00e9ho na spear-phishing.<\/p>\n

Predch\u00e1dzanie phishingov\u00fdm \u00fatokom: Osem osved\u010den\u00fdch postupov na rok 2022<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f sa osoba stane obe\u0165ou vishingov\u00e9ho \u00fatoku, je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 zvr\u00e1ti\u0165 jeho \u00fa\u010dinky a vym\u00e1ha\u0165 \u0161kody. Aj ke\u010f org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestnom konan\u00ed identifikuj\u00fa p\u00e1chate\u013ea, vym\u00e1hanie \u0161kody je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Preto je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 prija\u0165 proakt\u00edvne opatrenia na predch\u00e1dzanie vishingov\u00fdm \u00fatokom a dodr\u017eiava\u0165 tieto osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy:<\/p>\n

Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy na prevenciu vishingu<\/h2>\n

1. Majte pripojenie VPN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Virtu\u00e1lna s\u00fakromn\u00e1 sie\u0165 (VPN) chr\u00e1ni inform\u00e1cie zdie\u013ean\u00e9 cez internet a s\u0165a\u017euje podvodn\u00edkom pr\u00edstup k va\u0161im kontaktn\u00fdm \u00fadajom.<\/p>\n

Sie\u0165 VPN za\u0161ifruje sie\u0165ov\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku a odo\u0161le ju cez zabezpe\u010den\u00fd tunel pred dosiahnut\u00edm servera VPN, ktor\u00fd maskuje svoju IP adresu. V d\u00f4sledku toho akt\u00e9ri hrozieb nepoznaj\u00fa va\u0161u polohu, \u010do s\u0165a\u017euje vykon\u00e1vanie \u00fatokov soci\u00e1lneho in\u017einierstva. Zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00e1 obe\u0165 sa m\u00f4\u017ee jednoducho op\u00fdta\u0165 volaj\u00faceho na jeho polohu, aby si overila, \u010di je hovor legit\u00edmny.<\/p>\n

2. D\u00e1vajte si pozor na \"naliehav\u00e9\" hovory.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ak volaj\u00faci vyvol\u00e1va pocit naliehavosti, mali by ste to pova\u017eova\u0165 za \u010derven\u00fa vlajku. Vyzveda\u010di sa m\u00f4\u017eu napr\u00edklad sna\u017ei\u0165 presved\u010di\u0165 obe\u0165, \u017ee ak skuto\u010dne neodovzd\u00e1 svoje bankov\u00e9 \u00fadaje alebo okam\u017eite nezaplat\u00ed nezaplaten\u00fd \u00fa\u010det, m\u00f4\u017ee to ma\u0165 negat\u00edvne n\u00e1sledky.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017eete zavesi\u0165 alebo po\u017eiada\u0165 volaj\u00faceho o kontaktn\u00e9 \u00fadaje a poveda\u0165 mu, \u017ee mu zavol\u00e1te nesk\u00f4r. Ak ide o podvod, volaj\u00faci zvy\u010dajne vyvinie v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed tlak alebo zaves\u00ed.<\/p>\n

3. Pou\u017e\u00edvajte n\u00e1stroje na blokovanie robotick\u00fdch hovorov\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00e1stroje na blokovanie robotick\u00fdch hovorov, zn\u00e1me ako filtre hovorov, s\u00fa po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 programy na detekciu automatick\u00fdch hovorov. Ak subjekt tretej strany pou\u017eil techniku podvodn\u00e9ho volania, blok\u00e1tor robocallov ho okam\u017eite identifikuje a zablokuje.<\/p>\n

4. Implement\u00e1cia intern\u00fdch procesov<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kto zdvihne telef\u00f3n, ke\u010f zazvon\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo organiz\u00e1cie? Mohol by sa \u013eahko dosta\u0165 do r\u00fak nespr\u00e1vneho zamestnanca?<\/p>\n

Pred\u00e1vanie telef\u00f3nu z jedn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea na druh\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zm\u00e4tok a sp\u00f4sobi\u0165, \u017ee zamestnanci v organiz\u00e1cii stratia preh\u013ead o tom, kto je na druhej strane hovoru.<\/p>\n

V pr\u00edpade potreby m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 zamestna\u0165 \u0161pecializovan\u00e9ho recep\u010dn\u00e9ho, ktor\u00fd odfiltruje zl\u00e9 od dobr\u00e9ho a zabezpe\u010d\u00ed, aby v\u0161etci zamestnanci skontrolovali, kto vol\u00e1, ke\u010f ho odovzdaj\u00fa niekomu in\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou je vytvori\u0165 proces, v ktorom pr\u00edjemca pred odovzdan\u00edm telef\u00f3nu potvrd\u00ed \"\u017eiadate\u013ea\" priamo prostredn\u00edctvom in\u00e9ho ofici\u00e1lneho kan\u00e1la.<\/p>\n

5. Zabezpe\u010dte, aby v\u0161etky zariadenia mali viacfaktorov\u00e9 overovanie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edvanie hesiel s vysok\u00fdm stup\u0148om zabezpe\u010denia je ve\u013emi dobr\u00e9, ale viacfaktorov\u00e9 overovanie poskytuje \u010fal\u0161ie \u00farovne zabezpe\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010dia, \u017ee va\u0161e konto nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 kompromitova\u0165 pomocou jedin\u00e9ho hesla.<\/p>\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Google ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee viacfaktorov\u00e9 overovanie bude do roku 2021 povinn\u00e9 pre 150 mili\u00f3nov pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov s cie\u013eom poskytn\u00fa\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 zabezpe\u010denia proti hrozb\u00e1m a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 tak po\u010det kompromitovan\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtov o 50%.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n

Vishing nemus\u00ed by\u0165 pre va\u0161u organiz\u00e1ciu hlavn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom, ale mal by by\u0165. Bez oh\u013eadu na to, ak\u00e1 inteligentn\u00e1 alebo schopn\u00e1 je va\u0161a spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a kolegovia, taktiky soci\u00e1lneho in\u017einierstva s\u00fa dostato\u010dne siln\u00e9 na to, aby zasko\u010dili ka\u017ed\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Teraz, ke\u010f u\u017e viete o vishingu, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby ste tieto inform\u00e1cie poskytli svojim zamestnancom.<\/p>\n

Dajte im vedie\u0165, \u017ee vypo\u010dutie volaj\u00faceho a overenie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed ofici\u00e1lnou cestou m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 rozdielom medzi bezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi a rizikom kybernetick\u00e9ho incidentu alebo \u00faniku \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vishing m\u00e1 zvy\u010dajne podobu naliehav\u00e9ho alebo znepokojuj\u00faceho telefon\u00e1tu. Volaj\u00faci m\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee \u00fa\u010det obete bol napadnut\u00fd hackermi a \u017ee potrebuje \u010d\u00edslo PIN na overenie toto\u017enosti alebo op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 otvorenie \u00fa\u010dtu.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":239642484,"featured_media":7071,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1391],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciberseguridad"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el Vishing? 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