{"id":6878,"date":"2023-03-27T21:43:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T18:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterbase.com\/es\/es\/es\/es\/es\/?p=6878"},"modified":"2023-12-24T20:50:52","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T18:50:52","slug":"ce-este-vishing-definitie-metode-si-cele-mai-bune-practici-de-prevenire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterbase.com\/ro\/que-es-el-vishing-definicion-metodos-y-mejores-practicas-de-prevencion\/masterbase\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este Vishing? Defini\u021bie, metode \u0219i cele mai bune practici de prevenire"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce este Vishing?<\/h2>\n

Vishing-ul este definit ca un atac de securitate cibernetic\u0103 \u00een care o entitate r\u0103u inten\u021bionat\u0103 contacteaz\u0103 victima prin telefon \u0219i \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige \u00eencrederea victimei prin practici de inginerie social\u0103 pentru a ob\u021bine date confiden\u021biale, a extrage fonduri sau a face r\u0103u \u00een alt mod.<\/p>\n

Acesta este, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, un tip de atac de phishing efectuat prin intermediul mijloacelor de comunicare vocal\u0103, motiv pentru care se nume\u0219te atac vishing.<\/p>\n

Mecanismul de atac Vishing<\/h2>\n

Vishing-ul se prezint\u0103 de obicei sub forma unui apel telefonic urgent sau deranjant. De exemplu, apelantul poate pretinde c\u0103 contul victimei a fost spart \u0219i c\u0103 are nevoie de un num\u0103r PIN pentru a-\u0219i valida identitatea sau pentru a redeschide contul.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, ace\u0219tia pot pretinde c\u0103 sun\u0103 \u00een numele unei agen\u021bii guvernamentale, cum ar fi Internal Revenue Service (IRS) sau Social Security Administration. Ei pot chiar insista c\u0103 victima datoreaz\u0103 bani sau c\u0103 a c\u00e2\u0219tigat un concurs.<\/p>\n

Toate acestea sunt cazuri de \"vishing\" (dup\u0103 cum s-a discutat, o expresie care combin\u0103 \"voce\" \u0219i \"phishing\" pentru a indica o \u00een\u0219el\u0103torie prin telefon). Phishing este un termen utilizat pentru a descrie orice efort al infractorilor cibernetici de a p\u0103c\u0103li oamenii s\u0103 le dea bani, date personale sau informa\u021bii secrete. \u00cen mod similar, e-mailul \u0219i sistemele de mesaje scurte sau de mesaje text (\"smishing\") pot fi, de asemenea, utilizate pentru a comite fraude.<\/p>\n

Vishing-ul este o infrac\u021biune cibernetic\u0103 prin care infractorii se folosesc de telefoanele victimelor pentru a extrage informa\u021bii care ar putea d\u0103una persoanei \u00een cauz\u0103 sau ar putea aduce beneficii infractorului \u00eentr-un fel sau altul.<\/p>\n

Escrocii cibernetici folosesc tehnici sofisticate de inginerie social\u0103 pentru a convinge victimele s\u0103 furnizeze date personale \u0219i chiar acces la conturi bancare sau la secrete comerciale. La fel ca smishing-ul \u0219i phishing-ul, vishing-ul se concentreaz\u0103 pe convingerea victimelor c\u0103 r\u0103spunsul corect este acela de a da curs solicit\u0103rilor apelantului. Adesea, apelan\u021bii se prezint\u0103 drept autorit\u0103\u021bi guvernamentale, agen\u021bia fiscal\u0103, institu\u021bia financiar\u0103 a victimei sau poli\u021bia.<\/p>\n

Succesul acestei tactici depinde de o inginerie social\u0103 eficient\u0103, adic\u0103 de exploatarea psihologiei unei persoane pentru a crea un efect conving\u0103tor. Infractorii de vishing folosesc amenin\u021b\u0103ri sau persuasiune pozitiv\u0103 pentru a face victimele s\u0103 simt\u0103 c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 furnizeze informa\u021biile solicitate. Victimele pot primi, de asemenea, mesaje vocale amenin\u021b\u0103toare \u00een care li se spune c\u0103 risc\u0103 s\u0103 fie urm\u0103rite penal sau s\u0103 li se blocheze conturile bancare dac\u0103 nu sun\u0103 \u00eenapoi \u00een mod corect.<\/p>\n

Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 vishing-ul?<\/h2>\n

Atacatorii de tip phishing folosesc deseori falsificarea identificatorului de apelant pentru a p\u0103c\u0103li victimele s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 un apel telefonic provine de la o firm\u0103 de \u00eencredere sau de la un cod local de cartier.<\/p>\n

Ace\u0219tia ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 adesea ca entit\u0103\u021bi de \u00eencredere pentru a p\u0103c\u0103li victimele s\u0103 le \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 datele. De exemplu, se pot da drept director al unei b\u0103nci sau al unei agen\u021bii de carduri de credit, creditor sau agent al Fiscului. Ace\u0219ti escroci vor crea un sentiment de urgen\u021b\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd victima vizat\u0103 r\u0103spunde la telefon pentru a profita de sentimentele acesteia \u0219i a o for\u021ba s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la cereri.<\/p>\n

Vishing-ul poate lua mai multe forme, dar scopul este \u00eentotdeauna acela\u0219i: s\u0103 p\u0103c\u0103leasc\u0103 victima s\u0103 dezv\u0103luie informa\u021bii personale, fie pentru a ob\u021bine un c\u00e2\u0219tig monetar, fie pentru a comite alte infrac\u021biuni, cum ar fi furtul de identitate.<\/p>\n

Unul dintre motivele pentru care aceste atacuri pot fi conving\u0103toare este faptul c\u0103 escrocii pot folosi informa\u021bii personale ob\u021binute din alte surse pentru a face ca \u00eencerc\u0103rile de vishing s\u0103 par\u0103 legitime.<\/p>\n

Cele mai frecvente tipuri de vishing<\/h2>\n

1. Apelare de r\u0103zboi<\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Atacuri bazate pe VoIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

3. Falsificarea identificatorului de apelant (Caller ID spoofing)<\/strong><\/p>\n

4. Colectarea \u00een containere<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Apelare de r\u0103zboi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Wardialing utilizeaz\u0103 diferite tipuri de tehnologii pentru a forma automat un num\u0103r mare de numere de telefon \u00een succesiune rapid\u0103, de obicei pentru a descoperi deficien\u021be \u00een securitatea \u0219i infrastructura IT.<\/p>\n

Hackerii folosesc adesea instrumente de wardialing pentru a g\u0103si modemuri nesecurizate, cunoscute uneori sub numele de \"wardialers\" sau \"demon dialers\". Este nevoie de foarte pu\u021bin timp<\/p>\n

s\u0103 fac\u0103 acest lucru dac\u0103 escrocul localizeaz\u0103 lista numerelor conectate la modemuri.<\/p>\n

2. Atacuri bazate pe VoIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

Transferul de voce \u0219i de con\u021binut multimedia prin intermediul unei conexiuni la internet este cunoscut sub numele de Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). Utilizatorii pot efectua apeluri de voce folosind VoIP prin intermediul calculatoarelor, al telefoanelor inteligente, al altor platforme digitale, cum ar fi telefoanele VoIP \u0219i site-urile care permit comunicarea \u00een timp real pe web (WebRTC).<\/p>\n

VoIP este o tehnologie benefic\u0103 at\u00e2t pentru persoane fizice, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru \u00eentreprinderi, deoarece con\u021bine adesea capacit\u0103\u021bi suplimentare care nu se reg\u0103sesc \u00een sistemele de telefonie tradi\u021bionale. De asemenea, este util\u0103 pentru \u00eentreprinderi ca mijloc de unificare a comunica\u021biilor.<\/p>\n

Din p\u0103cate, VoIP poate fi exploatat de persoane frauduloase pentru a ini\u021bia atacuri de tip vishing. Atacatorul \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 un domeniu \u0219i creeaz\u0103 pagini de phishing care seam\u0103n\u0103 cu pagina de conectare la re\u021beaua organiza\u021biei. Ca urmare, apelurile VoIP ini\u021biate de actorul amenin\u021b\u0103tor par s\u0103 provin\u0103 din aceea\u0219i re\u021bea. \u00cen plus, deoarece VoIP necesit\u0103 adesea autentificare cu mai mul\u021bi factori, apelantul poate cere victimei s\u0103 viziteze pagina frauduloas\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i comunice detaliile.<\/p>\n

3. Falsificarea identificatorului de apelant (Caller ID spoofing)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Spoofing-ul apare atunci c\u00e2nd un apelant falsific\u0103 inten\u021bionat informa\u021biile trimise pe ecranul apelului de intrare pentru a-\u0219i ascunde identitatea. Escrocii folosesc adesea tehnica \"spoofing neighbour\" pentru a face ca identificarea apelantului s\u0103 par\u0103 c\u0103 provine de la un num\u0103r local sau pentru a se da drept o companie sau o institu\u021bie guvernamental\u0103 \u00een care victima are deja \u00eencredere.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul \u00een care se r\u0103spunde la un astfel de apel, atacatorul \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 fure fonduri sau date esen\u021biale, care pot fi utilizate \u00een activit\u0103\u021bi frauduloase. Scenariile de escrocherie reprezint\u0103 o parte important\u0103 a atacurilor de falsificare a identificatorului de apelant, deoarece acestea \u00eent\u0103resc \u0219i mai mult convingerea c\u0103 apelantul este legitim.<\/p>\n

4. Colectarea \u00een containere<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scotocirea prin co\u0219urile de gunoi - at\u00e2t fizice, c\u00e2t \u0219i digitale - apar\u021bin\u00e2nd b\u0103ncilor, cl\u0103dirilor corporative \u0219i altor institu\u021bii este un mijloc u\u0219or \u0219i popular de a colecta informa\u021biile de contact ale victimelor de vishing.<\/p>\n

Infractorii pot aduna suficiente informa\u021bii din documente distruse, dispozitive de stocare aruncate, calendare vechi, fotocopii etc., pentru a realiza un atac de spear-phishing axat pe subiect.<\/p>\n

Prevenirea atacurilor de phishing: Opt bune practici pentru 2022<\/p>\n

Odat\u0103 ce o persoan\u0103 cade prad\u0103 unui atac de tip vishing, este dificil s\u0103 inverseze efectele acestuia \u0219i s\u0103 recupereze daunele. Chiar dac\u0103 organele de aplicare a legii identific\u0103 vinovatul, recuperarea daunelor este o provocare. De aceea, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 lua\u021bi m\u0103suri proactive pentru a preveni atacurile vishing, urm\u00e2nd aceste bune practici:<\/p>\n

Bune practici pentru a preveni vishing-ul<\/h2>\n

1. Ave\u021bi o conexiune VPN<\/strong><\/p>\n

O re\u021bea privat\u0103 virtual\u0103 (VPN) protejeaz\u0103 informa\u021biile partajate pe internet \u0219i face mai dificil pentru infractori s\u0103 intre \u00een posesia datelor dumneavoastr\u0103 de contact.<\/p>\n

VPN-ul va cripta traficul de re\u021bea \u0219i \u00eel va trimite printr-un tunel securizat \u00eenainte de a ajunge la un server VPN care \u00ee\u0219i mascheaz\u0103 adresa IP. Prin urmare, actorii de amenin\u021bare nu vor \u0219ti unde v\u0103 afla\u021bi, ceea ce face dificil\u0103 executarea atacurilor de inginerie social\u0103. Victima vizat\u0103 poate pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 \u00eentrebe apelantul despre loca\u021bia sa pentru a verifica dac\u0103 apelul este legitim.<\/p>\n

2. Fi\u021bi aten\u021bi la apelurile \"urgente\".\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd un apelant creeaz\u0103 un sentiment de urgen\u021b\u0103, ar trebui s\u0103 considera\u021bi c\u0103 este un semnal de alarm\u0103. De exemplu, vizionarii pot \u00eencerca s\u0103 conving\u0103 victima c\u0103 ar putea exista consecin\u021be negative dac\u0103 nu-\u0219i pred\u0103 efectiv datele bancare sau nu pl\u0103te\u0219te imediat o factur\u0103 nepl\u0103tit\u0103.<\/p>\n

Pute\u021bi \u00eenchide sau pute\u021bi cere datele de contact ale apelantului \u0219i s\u0103-i spune\u021bi c\u0103 \u00eel ve\u021bi suna mai t\u00e2rziu. Dac\u0103 este vorba de o \u00een\u0219el\u0103torie, cel care sun\u0103 va exercita de obicei mai mult\u0103 presiune sau va \u00eenchide.<\/p>\n

3. Utiliza\u021bi instrumente de blocare a apelurilor robot\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Instrumentele de blocare a apelurilor robot, cunoscute sub denumirea popular\u0103 de filtre de apeluri, sunt programe informatice care detecteaz\u0103 apelurile automate. \u00cen cazul \u00een care o entitate ter\u021b\u0103 a folosit tehnici de apelare automat\u0103, dispozitivul de blocare a apelurilor robot le va identifica \u0219i le va bloca imediat.<\/p>\n

4. Implementarea proceselor interne<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cine r\u0103spunde la telefon atunci c\u00e2nd sun\u0103 num\u0103rul general al organiza\u021biei? Ar putea ajunge cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2inile angajatului gre\u0219it?<\/p>\n

Trecerea telefonului de la un utilizator la altul poate crea confuzie \u0219i poate face ca angaja\u021bii din organiza\u021bie s\u0103 piard\u0103 din vedere cine se afl\u0103 la cel\u0103lalt cap\u0103t al apelului.<\/p>\n

Angajarea unui recep\u021bioner dedicat care s\u0103 filtreze apelurile rele de cele bune poate fi util\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd este necesar \u0219i poate asigura c\u0103 to\u021bi angaja\u021bii verific\u0103 cine sun\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd sunt trecu\u021bi la altcineva.<\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 op\u021biune este de a crea un proces prin care destinatarul s\u0103 confirme cu \"solicitantul\" direct printr-un alt canal oficial \u00eenainte de a-i da telefonul.<\/p>\n

5. Asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 toate dispozitivele dispun de autentificare cu mai mul\u021bi factori.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Este foarte bine s\u0103 folose\u0219ti parole de \u00eenalt\u0103 securitate, dar autentificarea cu mai mul\u021bi factori ofer\u0103 acele straturi suplimentare de securitate care asigur\u0103 c\u0103 contul t\u0103u nu poate fi compromis cu o singur\u0103 parol\u0103.<\/p>\n

Google a anun\u021bat c\u0103 autentificarea cu mai mul\u021bi factori va fi obligatorie pentru 150 de milioane de utilizatori p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2021, pentru a oferi un nivel sporit de securitate \u00eempotriva amenin\u021b\u0103rilor \u0219i pentru a reduce astfel num\u0103rul de conturi compromise cu 50%.<\/p>\n

Concluzie<\/h2>\n

Este posibil ca Vishing-ul s\u0103 nu fie o preocupare major\u0103 pentru organiza\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103, dar ar trebui s\u0103 fie. Indiferent c\u00e2t de inteligen\u021bi sau capabili sunt compania \u0219i colegii dumneavoastr\u0103, tacticile de inginerie social\u0103 sunt suficient de puternice pentru a prinde pe oricine cu garda jos.<\/p>\n

Acum c\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi despre vishing, este important s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i\u021bi aceste informa\u021bii cu angaja\u021bii dumneavoastr\u0103.<\/p>\n

Anun\u021ba\u021bi-i c\u0103 interogarea interlocutorului \u0219i verificarea informa\u021biilor cu cineva prin canale oficiale pot face diferen\u021ba \u00eentre date sigure \u0219i riscul unui incident cibernetic sau al unei \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri a securit\u0103\u021bii datelor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vishing-ul se prezint\u0103 de obicei sub forma unui apel telefonic urgent sau deranjant. De exemplu, apelantul poate pretinde c\u0103 contul victimei a fost spart \u0219i c\u0103 are nevoie de un num\u0103r PIN pentru a-\u0219i valida identitatea sau pentru a redeschide contul.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":239642484,"featured_media":7071,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1391],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciberseguridad"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el Vishing? 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