{"id":16620,"date":"2024-09-23T22:27:23","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T19:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterbase.com\/es\/es\/es\/?p=16620"},"modified":"2024-11-27T16:00:56","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T14:00:56","slug":"firemni-sifrovani-chrani-komunikaci-a-data-pomoci-kryptografie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterbase.com\/cs\/cifrado-empresarial-proteger-la-comunicacion-y-los-datos-con-criptografia\/masterbase\/","title":{"rendered":"Podnikov\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed: Zabezpe\u010den\u00ed komunikace a dat pomoc\u00ed kryptografie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bez ohledu na velikost va\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nebo odv\u011btv\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m pracujete, m\u016f\u017ee va\u0161e schopnost chr\u00e1nit citliv\u00e1 data, a to jak intern\u00ed, tak data z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, znamenat rozd\u00edl mezi zachov\u00e1n\u00edm d\u016fv\u011bry u\u017eivatel\u016f a n\u00e1kladn\u00fdm naru\u0161en\u00edm dat.<\/h2>\n

Z\u00e1klady kryptografie a jej\u00ed \u00faloha p\u0159i zabezpe\u010den\u00ed komunikace<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kryptografie je zalo\u017eena na transformaci informac\u00ed tak, aby byly nesrozumiteln\u00e9 pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo nem\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d k jejich de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tento proces \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed zaru\u010duje 3 aspekty:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. D\u016fv\u011brnost<\/strong>Zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee informace mohou \u010d\u00edst pouze opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemci.<\/li>\n
  2. Integrita<\/strong>Zaru\u010dte, \u017ee informace nebyly zm\u011bn\u011bny.<\/li>\n
  3. Autenti\u010dnost<\/strong>Ov\u011b\u0159te, \u017ee zdroj informac\u00ed je t\u00edm, za koho se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    V r\u00e1mci spole\u010dnosti je kryptografie nezbytn\u00e1 k ochran\u011b intern\u00ed komunikace, nap\u0159\u00edklad e-mail\u016f nebo zpr\u00e1v prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm platforem pro spolupr\u00e1ci, a tak\u00e9 k ochran\u011b citliv\u00fdch dat ulo\u017een\u00fdch v datab\u00e1z\u00edch nebo p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch v s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/p>\n

    Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 typy \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Pro implementaci \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch \u0161ifrovac\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v podnikov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pochopit dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed kategorie \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Symetrick\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>\u0160ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed: K \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 stejn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d. Je rychl\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed pro velk\u00e9 objemy informac\u00ed, ale m\u00e1 probl\u00e9m s bezpe\u010dnou spr\u00e1vou kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f. B\u011b\u017en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je nap\u0159. Standard Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)<\/strong>\u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd k \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f a pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f.<\/li>\n
    2. Asymetrick\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>Je zalo\u017een na dvojici kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f: ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m a soukrom\u00e9m kl\u00ed\u010di. Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d za\u0161ifruje data a pouze odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed soukrom\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d je m\u016f\u017ee de\u0161ifrovat. Tento typ \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd v zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 komunikaci, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b e-mail\u016f nebo bankovn\u00edch transakc\u00edch. Algoritmus RSA<\/strong> pat\u0159\u00ed v t\u00e9to kategorii k nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Krom\u011b toho existuj\u00ed metody jako nap\u0159. hashov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd otisk dat. Tento proces je velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed integrity informac\u00ed, proto\u017ee jak\u00e1koli zm\u011bna p\u016fvodn\u00edch dat by m\u011bla za n\u00e1sledek zcela jin\u00fd hash.<\/p>\n

      3 p\u0159\u00edklady zranitelnost\u00ed v kryptografii a jak se jim vyhnout<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Navzdory sv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti nen\u00ed kryptografie nezraniteln\u00e1. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm textu se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na t\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady selh\u00e1n\u00ed kryptografick\u00e9 implementace a na to, jak se jim vyhnout:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u00datoky hrubou silou<\/strong>K tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk zkou\u0161\u00ed v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 kombinace, dokud nenajde spr\u00e1vn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d. A\u010dkoli se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t element\u00e1rn\u00ed, st\u00e1le p\u0159edstavuje re\u00e1lnou hrozbu, pokud jsou pou\u017eity slab\u00e9 nebo nedostate\u010dn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de. Aby se tomu zabr\u00e1nilo, m\u011bly by spole\u010dnosti implementovat algoritmy s dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fdmi kl\u00ed\u010di (nap\u0159\u00edklad AES s 256bitov\u00fdm kl\u00ed\u010dem) a kl\u00ed\u010de pravideln\u011b m\u011bnit.<\/li>\n
      2. Zranitelnost v protokolu SSL\/TLS<\/strong>Protokoly SSL a TLS jsou kryptografick\u00e9 protokoly ur\u010den\u00e9 k zabezpe\u010den\u00ed komunikace na webu. Star\u0161\u00ed verze, jako je SSLv3, jsou v\u0161ak zraniteln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di \u00fatok\u016fm, jako je POODLE, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm de\u0161ifrovat informace. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm je zajistit, aby spole\u010dnost pou\u017e\u00edvala aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 verze protokol\u016f, jako nap\u0159. TLS 1.2 nebo 1.3<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
      3. \u0160patn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va kryptografick\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f<\/strong>Kryptografick\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de jsou \u010dasto ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny nezabezpe\u010den\u00e9 nebo sd\u00edlen\u00e9 bez n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Aby se tomuto riziku p\u0159ede\u0161lo, je nezbytn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat syst\u00e9my spr\u00e1vy kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f (KMS), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 generov\u00e1n\u00ed, ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a distribuci kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f. Krom\u011b toho by kl\u00ed\u010de nikdy nem\u011bly b\u00fdt na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m serveru nebo v datab\u00e1zi v prost\u00e9m textu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        3 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy kryptom\u011bn v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        N\u011bkolik spole\u010dnost\u00ed vyu\u017eilo kryptografick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed k ochran\u011b sv\u00fdch informac\u00ed a prevenci kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f. Pod\u00edvejme se na t\u0159i relevantn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. WhatsApp: Koncov\u00e9 \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy<\/strong>
          \nWhatsApp, jedna z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch platforem pro zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v na sv\u011bt\u011b, zavedla v roce 2016 koncov\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech konverzac\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zpr\u00e1vy jsou \u0161ifrov\u00e1ny od okam\u017eiku odesl\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e do okam\u017eiku, kdy doraz\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edjemci. Nemaj\u00ed k nim p\u0159\u00edstup ani servery spole\u010dnosti WhatsApp. D\u00edky tomuto \u00fasp\u011bchu si platforma z\u00edskala d\u016fv\u011bru milion\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee jejich soukrom\u00e9 konverzace jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny.<\/li>\n
        2. Apple: \u0160ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>
          \nApple za\u0159adil \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi priority v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V\u0161echny iPhony a iPady maj\u00ed ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed data \u0161ifrovan\u00e1, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ztr\u00e1ty nebo kr\u00e1de\u017ee za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed budou data bez p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de nedostupn\u00e1. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vl\u00e1dn\u00edch vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nav\u00edc spole\u010dnost Apple trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zachovat integritu \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby chr\u00e1nila soukrom\u00ed sv\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f, i kdy\u017e to vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 kontroverze.<\/li>\n
        3. ProtonMail: Zabezpe\u010den\u00fd e-mail<\/strong>
          \nProtonMail je e-mailov\u00e1 slu\u017eba, kter\u00e1 up\u0159ednost\u0148uje ochranu soukrom\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee pro v\u0161echny zpr\u00e1vy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 koncov\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ani samotn\u00fd ProtonMail nem\u016f\u017ee \u010d\u00edst e-maily sv\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f. Spole\u010dnosti se poda\u0159ilo vyniknout na trhu, kter\u00e9mu dominuj\u00ed technologi\u010dt\u00ed giganti, d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu z\u00e1vazku k bezpe\u010dnosti informac\u00ed a ochran\u011b soukrom\u00ed. Spole\u010dnosti a profesion\u00e1lov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed s citliv\u00fdmi informacemi, p\u0159ijali ProtonMail jako svou e-mailovou platformu d\u00edky jej\u00edmu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na kryptografii.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Souhrn<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          Kryptografie je nezbytn\u00e1 pro ochranu komunikace a dat v podniku. A\u010dkoli existuj\u00ed hrozby nebo rizika, jako jsou \u00fatoky hrubou silou a nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s kl\u00ed\u010di, kter\u00e9 mohou zneu\u017e\u00edt zranitelnosti, spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 implementace \u0161ifrovac\u00edch technik spolu s aktualizac\u00ed protokol\u016f a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016f spr\u00e1vy kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f m\u016f\u017ee tato rizika zm\u00edrnit.<\/p>\n

          P\u0159\u00edklady spole\u010dnost\u00ed, jako je WhatsApp, Apple a ProtonMail, ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee kryptografie nen\u00ed jen n\u00e1strojem zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobem, jak z\u00edskat d\u016fv\u011bru u\u017eivatel\u016f a pos\u00edlit pov\u011bst spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

          \"Kurz<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Ochrana informac\u00ed je jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzev, kter\u00fdm dnes podniky \u010del\u00ed, a v t\u00e9to souvislosti se kryptografie stala z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti komunikace.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":239642484,"featured_media":16667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1391],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciberseguridad"],"yoast_head":"\nCifrado empresarial: Proteger la comunicaci\u00f3n y los datos con criptograf\u00eda - MasterBase\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La protecci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n es uno de los retos m\u00e1s importantes que enfrentan las empresas hoy y, en este contexto, la criptograf\u00eda se ha convertido en piedra angular para garantizar la seguridad de las comunicaciones.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/masterbase.com\/cs\/firemni-sifrovani-chrani-komunikaci-a-data-pomoci-kryptografie\/masterbase\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cifrado empresarial: Proteger la comunicaci\u00f3n y los datos con criptograf\u00eda - MasterBase\u00ae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La protecci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n es uno de los retos m\u00e1s importantes que 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